This means that you should be able to program the Arduino and use MIDI over USB without swapping firmwares all the time. The HIDUINO firmware is rather old, and there's a newer alternative that combines the MIDI USB and Serial USB modes in a single firmware: USBMidiKliK. You can now just plug it into your computer, and it will be recognized as a MIDI device, you don't need to run Hairless anymore. To use it in the Control Surface library, instantiate a HairlessMIDI_Interface at the top of your sketch instead of the *DebugMIDI_Interface.įinally, when you know that everything is working the way you want it, you can change the baud rate to the official MIDI baud rate of 31250, by using the USBMIDI_Interface, uploading the sketch, and flashing the HIDUINO MIDI firmware using Flip or dfu-programmer. This application takes MIDI messages from the serial port, and sends them to a virtual MIDI port on your computer, so you can access it in your DAW or DJ program. Once that's working, you can try it out with real MIDI messages, by using a software tool called Hairless MIDISerial bridge. You can enable the debug mode by instantiating one of the following *DebugMIDI_Interfaces: This means that you don't need the MIDI firmware to see if it's sending the right MIDI messages. To make this process a little easier, the MIDI Controller library has a debug MIDI interface, that prints the MIDI events to the serial monitor (or other Stream outputs). That's quite a cumbersome process, especially if you're just trying different settings, tweaking some values or trying to debug your code. If you want to change your program, you have to flash the default Serial firmware again, then upload your new program, and finally flash the MIDI firmware. Everything is explained here.īecause you need the ATmega16U2 for uploading new programs to the Arduino, you have to upload your program first, and then flash the MIDI firmware. On Windows, you can use the Atmel Flip tool, on Linux or Mac, you can use dfu-programmer. This flashing process is called a Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU). You can use the HIDUINO firmware by Dimitri Diakopoulos. During normal operation, the ATmega16U2 is just a USB-to-Serial bridge, but you can also program it to be a USB MIDI-to-Serial bridge. This small USB-capable MCU communicates with the main MCU over TTL UART (serial, TX and RX on pins 0 and 1), and also acts as a USB COM port, to communicate with the computer (for programming and for using the Serial Monitor). This is because they have a second, smaller microcontroller on board, an ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 on older boards). Some Arduino's that don't have native USB support can still be used as a USB MIDI device. (On a Teensy 2, this number is limited to 4 USB MIDI cables).Īrduino boards with an ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2) You can use up to 16 USB MIDI virtual cables over a single USB connection, they will show up as 16 different MIDI devices on your computer. Other USB types that include MIDI can be used as well. You just need to select the 'MIDI' USB type from Tools > USB Type > MIDI. You don't even need to install anything, because MIDI over USB is implemented in the Teensy Core. Teensy boards have native USB support as well. You can also use the earlephilhower/arduino-pico core instead of the official one from Arduino, in which case you have to enable the Adafruit TinyUSB library in the Tools > USB Stack menu. While these boards are not supported by the Arduino MIDIUSB library, they still support MIDI over USB through Control Surface's custom PluggableUSBMIDI implementation, which is built on top of arduino/ArduinoCore-mbed's PluggableUSB system. The MIDIUSB library only supports one MIDI USB virtual cable, while most Teensies support all 16 cables (see below). The computer will then automatically detect the Arduino as a MIDI device. You just have to install the MIDIUSB library, and upload a Control Surface sketch with a USBMIDI_Interface. This is based on PluggableUSB, using the MIDIUSB library. the USB connection goes directly to the main MCU) this means that they can act as a true USB MIDI device. Some of the newer boards have native USB support (i.e. This page provides an overview and some board recommendations if you're planning to build an Arduino MIDI device with MIDI over USB support.Īrduino Due, Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Micro, Arduino Nano 33 IOT, Arduino Zero, Arduino MKR Zero, Arduino MKR1000. There are some differences in MIDI over USB implementation between different types of Arduino-compatible boards.
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